(Redirected from Serial communications)
Parallel versus serial communication.
In telecommunication and data transmission, serial communication is the process of sending data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a communication channel or computer bus. This is in contrast to parallel communication, where several bits are sent as a whole, on a link with several parallel channels.
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Serial communication is used for all long-haul communication and most computer networks, where the cost of cable and synchronization difficulties make parallel communication impractical. Serial computer buses are becoming more common even at shorter distances, as improved signal integrity and transmission speeds in newer serial technologies have begun to outweigh the parallel bus's advantage of simplicity (no need for serializer and deserializer, or SerDes) and to outstrip its disadvantages (clock skew, interconnect density). The migration from PCI to PCI Express is an example.
Which Of The Following Expansion Slots Uses A Serial Connection
In computing, the expansion card, expansion board, adapter card or accessory card is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or expansion slot, on a computer motherboard, backplane or riser card to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus. Parallel and Serial ports on the back of a PC laptop (click for larger image) USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a newer type of serial connection that is much faster than the old serial ports. USB is also much smarter and more versatile since it allows the “daisy chaining” of up to. The bus of a motherboard allows communication between different components, and standardized expansion slots provide a way to easily upgrade our computers. In this video, you’ll learn about the bus architectures and how to use expansion slots to customize our PCs. This is the latest replacement for the earlier PCI and PCI-X slots, formerly known as 3GIO or Arapaho. It isn’t compatible with earlier cards, since it uses multiple serial connections instead of a parallel connection. Coneying data at 250 MB/s over 16 serial channels it offers a total transfer rate of 4 GB/s. The second solution is an expansion card that has additional serial ports. This requires a Power Macintosh with empty PCI slots. Rather than using adapters to fit to existing ports on the Macintosh, the serial card provides either two or four ports on the Macintosh. Start studying CompTIA A+ Questions. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Which of the following expansion cards would most likely have the requirements of utilizing a direct auxiliary 6-pin power plug to operate properly? Which of the following expansion slots uses a serial connection? A 32-bit PCI bus is one where we have expansion slots. We would plug in our adapter cards. And they’re connecting over this 32-bit bus to the Southbridge. If this was a 64-bit PCI connection, it has twice as many connections going between a much larger expansion slot and also connecting back to the Southbridge. Here’s a picture of the PCI slot.
Cables[edit]
Many serial communication systems were originally designed to transfer data over relatively large distances through some sort of data cable.
Practically all long-distance communication transmits data one bit at a time, rather than in parallel, because it reduces the cost of the cable. The cables that carry this data (other than 'the' serial cable) and the computer ports they plug into are usually referred to with a more specific name, to reduce confusion.
Keyboard and mouse cables and ports are almost invariably serial—such as PS/2 port, Apple Desktop Bus and USB.
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The cables that carry digital video are almost invariably serial—such as coax cable plugged into a HD-SDI port, a webcam plugged into a USB port or Firewire port, Ethernet cable connecting an IP camera to a Power over Ethernet port, FPD-Link, etc.
Other such cables and ports, transmitting data one bit at a time, include Serial ATA, Serial SCSI, Ethernet cable plugged into Ethernet ports, the Display Data Channel using previously reserved pins of the VGA connector or the DVI port or the HDMI port.
Serial buses[edit]
RS-232 connector.
Many communication systems were generally designed to connect two integrated circuits on the same printed circuit board, connected by signal traces on that board (rather than external cables).
Integrated circuits are more expensive when they have more pins. To reduce the number of pins in a package, many ICs use a serial bus to transfer data when speed is not important. Some examples of such low-cost serial buses include RS-232, SPI, I²C, DC-BUS, UNI/O, 1-Wire and PCI Express. In IC, serial bus may be typically implemented by using multiplexer (which utilizes technique called multiplexing).[1]
Serial versus parallel[edit]
The communication links, across which computers (or parts of computers) talk to one another, may be either serial or parallel. A parallel link transmits several streams of data simultaneously along multiple channels (e.g., wires, printed circuit tracks, or optical fibers); whereas, a serial link transmits only a single stream of data.
Although a serial link may seem inferior to a parallel one, since it can transmit less data per clock cycle, it is often the case that serial links can be clocked considerably faster than parallel links in order to achieve a higher data rate. Several factors allow serial to be clocked at a higher rate:
- Clock skew between different channels is not an issue (for unclocked asynchronous serial communication links).
- A serial connection requires fewer interconnecting cables (e.g., wires/fibers) and hence occupies less space. The extra space allows for better isolation of the channel from its surroundings.
- Crosstalk is less of an issue, because there are fewer conductors in proximity.
In many cases, serial is cheaper to implement than parallel. Many ICs have serial interfaces, as opposed to parallel ones, so that they have fewer pins and are therefore less expensive.
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Examples of architectures[edit]
- ARINC 818 Avionics Digital Video Bus
- Atari SIO (Joe Decuir credits his work on Atari SIO as the basis of USB)
- CAN Control Area Network Vehicle Bus
- ccTalk Used in the money transaction and point-of-sale industry
- CoaXPress industrial camera protocol over Coax
- DC-BUS communication over DC power lines
- DMX512 control of theatrical lighting
- Fibre Channel (high-speed, for connecting computers to mass storage devices)
- InfiniBand (very high speed, broadly comparable in scope to PCI)
- I²C multidrop serial bus
- MIDI control of electronic musical instruments
- RS-232 (low-speed, implemented by serial ports)
- RS-422 multidrop serial bus
- RS-485 multidrop multimaster serial bus
- SDI-12 industrial sensor protocol
- SONET and SDH (high speed telecommunication over optical fibers)
- SpaceWire Spacecraft communication network
- T-1, E-1 and variants (high speed telecommunication over copper pairs)
- Universal Serial Bus (for connecting peripherals to computers)
- UNI/O multidrop serial bus
- 1-Wire multidrop serial bus
See also[edit]
- High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
- Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART)
References[edit]
- ^'Circuit Implementation Using Multiplexers'. www.ee.surrey.ac.uk. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
External links[edit]
- Serial Interface Tutorial for Robotics (contains many practical examples)
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I/O types and installing > Ports, Expansion Slots
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